Music and how it Effects Academic Performance

Music and how it Effects Academic Performance My study focuses on students at university level and why they choose listening or not listening to music while they are studying. My research is about music and performance. This fact is needed to be considered especially by the students a lot because it would help them increase concentration in their study materials and would improve their academic grades. It has been found that people who study with music have better GPAs and are higher achievers than those who arent involved in music. Music not only provides entertainment and beautiful sounds, but it has a remarkable effect on memory and learning. BACKGROUND Few years back there was a concept that music distracts the academic performance of students. Even my parents used to agree to this fact that music distracts the academic performance. But now researches show that music increases the concentration level while studying, solving problems. Now days most of the students have their own iPods and they study along with it.Advanced technology has made music accessible to everyone through internet. These people can just go on internet and through one click can download several songs of their choice in no time. Thats the reason I choosed this topic as my research. I wanted to know that does music really increases the academic performance of students. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Academic performance Pitch Tone Volume of music Music INTERVENING VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLE My dependent variable was academic performance of students LSE. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE My independent variable in this research was music. INTERVENING VARIABLE Pitch Tone Volume of music NULL HYPOTHESIS There is no relationship between any type of music and students academic performance. ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS There is a relationship between pop music and students academic performance at LSE. ALTERNATIVE DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS There is a positive relationship between academic performance of the students and music. METHODOLOGY PARTICIPANTS My research was a group based study. In order to test my hypothesis a laboratory experiment with maximum interference in the work environment hence controlling certain variables in order to study the effect of those variables. Participants were students were chosen through random sampling from LSE. These group of students belonged to the BBA honors program. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE I-PODs Test paper having 10 multiple choice arithmetic questions and 10 multiple choice questions on comprehension passage on presentation skills SAMPLE SIZE My total sample size was 60. Which were further sub-divided into control group and an experimental group of 30students each. These groups of students were then asked to solve the arithmetic questions, read the comprehensions in the presence of music. Students answered 10 arithmetic problems, and read comprehension passages and then answer the questions given at the end, without discussing it with their peers. Later, same test was given to the control group and they solved it in the absence of music. The sample was selected using table 11.3 from the book Research Methods for Business by Uma Sekaran. The experiment which I carried out was a lab experiment consisting of experimental group and a control group. In LSE it was carried out in J1 and H2 auditoriums simultaneously under normal room temperature. In J1 I had the control group who solved the given test without music and in H2 I had experimental group which solved the similar group with the music played in I-pods which consist of music in the background. In order to measure the reliability of my testing instruments, test-retest reliability technique was used in which a group of 7 students having GPA above 3 were handed assessment worksheet. After 5 days the same students were tested by making them solve the same worksheet and both the test scored were then compared. Results were positive. Hence this proved that the instruments were highly reliable. The test papers used to measure the academic performance of students had high content validity as it consisted only of basic mathematical questions and comprehension passage. RESULTS My study showed that students who solved the test in isolation performed lesser than the ones who solved the same test while listening to music on an I-Pod. In fact the students who solved the test listening to music did so much quicker than the latter. Percentage calculated in order to determine the performance level of the groups through the marks obtained. i) Experimental Group 86.70%(520/600*100) ii) Control Group 56.50%(339/600*100) DISCUSSION Mental performance can be enhanced by exposure to music. As this research and also similar types of researches conducted worldwide showed positive results so it would be a better suggestion for the students to listen to music while reading any type of material and solving any kind of mathematical problems so as to increase their concentration level. Also music is believed to provide soothing effect to the brain cells so it is in the great advantage of the students to listen to music while reading and solving math problems as it would make them more focused on the material being studied and also would make their minds relax. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for the cooperation and interest of my professor, Mr. Humair Hashmi, who guided me in every step of this research. It would have been impossible to finish this report without his supervision. I would also like to thank students of LSE for participating for taking the time out and participating and making this research possible. REFERENCES Textbooks Uma Sekaran (2000) Business Research Methods; a skill building approach. Fourth Edition Assessment Worksheet was taken from net and he questions were made with the help of Mrs. Asma Sattar and Prof. Shakeel Bhukari

Lean On Me Essay

Sometimes it can be difficult to know for certain when you have been victimized and it can be even more difficult to understand why, who, and exactly how you have been victimized. Obviously in cases of bullying, or violence, or rape, the victimization is very obvious, but a film like â€Å"Lean On Me† causes the viewer to question whether or not victims can sometimes go unnoticed. One example that is subtle, but present in the film, is the idea that all of the kids in East Side High School are victims of a larger social and political world that they probably could not fathom even if they had a chance to view it in its entirety. The social class-systems and economic distribution in America, the idea of â€Å"free markets† and of â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have nots† is at the bottom of their difficult and crime-infested existence. The great irony of the movie is, of course, that only by getting an education can the kids at the high school escape their dismal lives and earn something better, but the very decadence and violence of the schools has created an atmosphere where learning is impossible. Everyone, including myself, has probably experienced at least one obstacle, if not many more, to receiving their right to an education. In my own case, I have been victimized not only by school bullies, but by negligent or outright hostile teachers. In one case, I remember having been given a â€Å"C-† on an assignment in Math where the teacher had incorrectly marked many of my answers. The assignment deserved a â€Å"B† but when I asked for the teacher to take another look at the assignment, I was told to accept the grade I had been given, period. That is a kind of victimization which is very slight compared to the vents portrayed in the movie â€Å"Lean on Me,†but it is an example of how sometimes victimization can go unnoticed. People that I have known have experienced much more extreme victimization, whether it be a female friend who is in an abusive relationship, or a close friend of mine whose own family continuously criticizes him while relying on him to run errands and help with financial obligations. Victimization seems to follow a pattern where one person or group of persons takes advantage of someone whom they perceive to be weaker, or of lesser consequence than themselves. If you are a victim, that probably means that the person or group who is victimizing you has decided that you are of lesser power and importance than they are themselves. While it is a common belief that victims are the â€Å"innocent† party, it is entirely possible for somebody to be a victim while at the same time victimizing others. One good illustration from â€Å"Lean on Me† is the school drug-dealers whoa re making victims out of the people they deal drugs to, but they are also victims themselves of the same social injustices and social inequalities that plague the others. Because you are most likely to be noticed first as a perpetrator of crime than as a victim in most cases, this kind of victimization goes unnoticed. Many forms of victimization rest on the fact that the victims are usually not regarded at large as being valuable or desirable. In many cases they also view themselves this way: as of little or no importance. The best remedy I can think of for victimization is self-empowerment. That doesn’t mean violence, but it does mean that — because victimization implies that one is viewed as being weaker or of lesser value — the natural response to remedy victimization would be the demonstration that either or both of these assumptions are false. In the case that I related about my own math grade, the proper response would have been to seek out whatever official protocol the school offered to challenge an â€Å"illigitimate† grade and maybe through this means I could have had the grade changed, which, in turn would have demonstrated to the teacher that I was not of lesser consequence than the teacher themself. In the case of â€Å"Lean On Me,† of course, the sense of self-empowerment came through learning adn self-discipline, which is the very best method to address victimization and prevent future victimization.

Nervous Conditions Response

White Man’s Burden and Nervous Conditions The â€Å"white man’s burden† was a narrative created by Europeans as a part of a civilizing mission (lecture, 3/4). Above all it meant education and Christianity. These two things were brought to the African continent under the assumption that they would bring wellbeing for Africans. Yet that was not always the case. In many instances, these assumptions were contested by the real life experiences of many Africans and manifested in nervous conditions. We see examples of this in Tsitsi Dangarembga’s work.The various relationships Babamukuru has with different characters throughout Nervous Conditions are emblematic of the multi-faceted and complex relationships colonizers had with Africans especially when analyzed in the context of the ‘white man’s burden’ as related to education, Christianity, and control. Many Africans were convinced of the â€Å"white man’s† promise that a Western education was key to breaking the cycle of poverty and a means to a better life. Babamukuru is a shining example of this, especially the ways in which he uses his education in relation to others.The first case this is present is in his decision to bring Nyasha and Chido to England for his own education because he did not want them to experience the â€Å"hardship that he had experienced as a young child† on the homestead (14). This choice suggests that he viewed his education as a way for his children to indirectly benefit and promote their wellbeing. A more direct example is Babamukuru’s vested interest in the wellbeing of his extended family. He declares, â€Å"we need to ensure that at least one member form each family is educated† (44).Babamukuru feels that it is his duty, as an African educated in the West, to provide opportunities of education for his family. This feeling of obligation—or burden—to provide is rooted in his own education as i t relates to his colonial experience. This is not to pass judgment on his offer, rather, further analyze the relationship between wellbeing and education as it relates to the colonizer and the African more generally. Although Babamukuru’s gift is well received by the family, it is necessary to consider the notion that western education, as a means to wellbeing truly is a colonial conviction.Moreover, western education is not necessarily valued in traditional Africa the way that is often taken at face value. Consider the fact that on page 15 Jeremiah said to Tambu, â€Å"Can you cook books and feed them to your husband? Stay at home with your mother. Learn to cook and clean. † As is evident, the type of education Babamukuru is offering his family is strictly colonial and influenced as such. It is not the panacea that is often considered at face value. Moreover, it the experience with education cultivated nervous conditions that challenged the traditional African identit ies of some characters.This is evident in characters like Tambu and Nyasha which will be discussed in more detail shortly. In sum, western education as a means to wellbeing under the mindset of the white man’s burden is often contradictory. This is evident from the standpoint of Babamukuru through the examples provided. On one hand it was a means to a better life. However, in this offer to and aspiration toward higher education came struggles with identity and what it meant to be African. Yet this is not the only example of Babamukuru’s relationship with characters in the book as emblematic of the â€Å"white man’s burden†.Just as Europeans were convinced Africans needed to be educated, they were also convinced that Africans needed Christianity in order to be saved by the grace of God. In the same way â€Å"white men† felt burdened to facilitate this relationship, Babamukuru internalized this attitude. His conviction that Jeremiah and Ma’Shi ngayi need a proper Christian wedding shows this. He says, â€Å"Jeremiah†¦you are still living in sin. You have not been married in a church before God. This is a serious matter† (149). Babamukuru’s imposition of a Christian wedding on Jeremiah and Ma’Shingayi symbolizes how colonial values of religion manifested in African life.It was imposed from the outside inward as if to suggest African religion before colonialism was inherently flawed. In demanding a Christian wedding Babamukuru challenged traditional African ways of ceremony and union which, consequently, presented struggles in the life of various characters. One particular case is with Tambu in her refusal to attend the ceremony. In response to this Babamukuru exclaims, â€Å"I am the head of this house. Anyone who defies my authority is doing an evil thing in this house, bent on destroying my authority† (169).Two important modes of analysis come out of this. The first is how the colonial tr adition of a Christian wedding seemed to disturb Tambu. The second is the element of control that Babamukuru exhibits. For him, just as for the colonizers, it was more than a wedding. It was a way to impose European values and traditions in order to change what it meant to be African. In short, Christianity as part of the white man’s burden was an imposition that challenged African traditions. As symbolized in the case of Tambu’s refusal to attend the ceremony, this created tension for many Africans.Moreover, the way in which Babamukuru handles the situation with Tambu exemplifies the element of control that was pervasive in living out the white man’s burden. Finally, this analysis of the white man’s burden through the scope of Babamukuru’s relationship with other characters in the book culminates with the theme of control, specifically his relationship with Nyasha. This is a good example because their relationship highlights the multifaceted aspec ts of the relationship between the colonizer and African. First, there is thecare and concern of wellbeing Babamukuru has for this daughter.He takes her to England then enrolls her in school so as to provide her with a better life. At the same time he places high pressure on her to perform well and become more â€Å"English†. He has high expectations for her and, in many ways, expects her to become more â€Å"white† by adopting European customs and disciplines. All of this pressure creates nervous conditions for Nyasha and consequently puts strain on her relationship with her father as exemplified through the tensions and fights between the two. This issue of pressure and control manifests prominently in the scene where Babamukuru forces Nyasha to eat.He demands, â€Å"Sit down and eat that food. I am telling you. Eat it! † (192). After consuming the food like a maniac she forces herself to vomit. Further, this marks the beginning of an eating disorder. Using th is as a metaphor, the European control many Africans felt from the white man’s burden led many to feel starved of an identity that was essentially African. Some populations became subservient and assimilated, like many French colonies (lecture, 3/11). Still others rebelled and/or broke under the pressure in a way similar to Nyasha.One example of this would be rebellions in the Congo in the 1960s as well as the Mau Mau Rebellion (lectures, 3/4; 3/6). What persists, though, is the pressure Africans felt in the manifestation of the white man’s burden created nervous conditions that led to neuroses of entire populations. In conclusion, the various relationships Babamukuru has with different characters throughout Nervous Conditions are emblematic of the multi-faceted and complex relationships colonizers had with Africans especially when analyzed in the context of the ‘white man’s burden’ as related to education, Christianity, and control.Babamukuru as an African educated in the west internalizes many European values that are subsequently projected on other characters in the book. As is clear, these manifest in different ways. However, is also clear is the assumption of African wellbeing through colonization under the â€Å"white man’s burden† is contested. In fact, the â€Å"white man’s burden† created nervous conditions for many Africans.

Vision of Man-Woman Relationship in The Hungry Tide

Literature is the analytical, critical, emotional and psychological expression of human life which is nothing but a bouquet of multi-coloured relationships like filial relationship, conjugal relationship and sibling relationship. Though all the relationships are important part of life yet man-woman relationship is considered the most pervading human relationship. Emphasizing the importance and value of the man-woman relationship, D.H. Lawrence, a great English novelist, points out in ‘Morality and the Novel’, â€Å"The great relationship for humanity will always be the relation between man and woman. The relation between man and man, woman and woman, parent and child will always be subsidiary.† (1972: l30) Right from the ancient epics and†¦show more content†¦Though he is well educated and well settled person from the capital of India yet he is very orthodox in his notions regarding the values and status of women. He treats them as objects or commodities like shoes and clothes to use, to change and throw at will. Kanai, a forty years unmarried businessman and translator, thinks that he has the true connoisseur’s ability to both praise and appraise women. On account of this illusory notion about himself, he attempts to establish relationship with a young Indian-American cytologist named Piya who is a well educated and sensible woman. She quickly understands his evil desire for herself and begins to ignore him. Kanai himself concludes that Piya does not need his services, apparently supposing she can communicate intuitively with her guide Fokir: â€Å"I think youll be able to manage perfectly well without a translator.† (333) Fokir is able to establish emotional co ntact with Piya despite the communication barrier between the two which goes much beyond the depth and extent of the spoken or written words, simply because he is good at heart. Piya’s appreciation for an illiterate, poor, and low-caste boatman provides fuel to the burning fire of jealousy in Kanai’s heart. The conversation between Kanai and Piya shows theShow MoreRelatedThe Question of Ideology in Amitav Ghoshs the Hungry Tide5019 Words   |  21 PagesAmitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide The stalwarts of Indian writing in English like Salman Rushdie, Khushwant Singh, Mukul Kesavan, Vikram Chandra, Amitav Ghosh and the like, are writing in a postcolonial space using novel as a means of cultural representation. Their novels are generally assumed to be engaged in postcolonial consciousness but a close study of the thematic range proves that the novels also attempt to universalized humanistic gesture, for human nature and social relationships are as importantRead MoreDesigning a Customer Driven Statergy23698 Words   |  95 Pagescoffee chain. 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The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Hyde - 1436 Words

Novels, plays, and movies often depict characters caught in a conflict with their doubles. Such collisions call a character’s sense of identity into question. Robert Louis Stevenson takes this idea of doubles to a whole new level in his novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Hyde. Upon closer examination of Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Hyde and his reoccurring theme of duality, we see that however constrained a society is, a person must break free, be multifarious, exploratory, and irresolute. A person must be able to see the â€Å"damage behind apparent failure† and the hypocrisy â€Å"behind worldly success.† The first instance of multiplicity immediately takes form after Stevenson introduces the narrators. Stevenson utilizes the frame story through Mr. Utterson. The narration in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is complex, drawing from almost all the characters to paint the scientist’s dark secrets. Although it is true that there are three main narrators, Stevenson uses two different perspectives to bring the story into a new light. Firstly, there is the main third-person narrator, Mr. Utterson. Mr. Utterson is a limited, third-person character, whose knowledge stops as we find Jekyll’s body. The lawyer personally uncovers more and more evidence as a detective, a close friend, a man of justice, and a â€Å"respected† member of society. Apart from Mr. Utterson, Stevenson narrates from the perspective of Dr. Hastie Lanyon, a friend and a colleague ofShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1196 Words   |  5 Pageswhich do let control you? The good or evil? This was a question that Dr. Jekyll from the book, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, could not answer. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a book about a man who cannot control the two sides of himself, causing him to do terrible things and not even be aware of it. The theme of this book is good versus evil. Dr. Jekyll is fighting his evil side, known as Mr. Hyde, throughout the book. 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As Jekyll continues to try and take over his evil persona, Hyde tries to stay alive and cause evil in the world. In our society, many people will struggle with self control and Dr. Jekyll has trouble controlling his alter ego by performing his evil pleasures

India s Break From The British Raj - 1652 Words

In my search for a research topic, all I knew was that I wanted to learn more about a country that I knew almost nothing about. I’ve always been intrigued by India with its beautiful land and culture, but in my years of school I have never learned too much about it and had always wondered why there was such a heavy British influence there. Little did I know, this English influence began long before I imagined and will mostly likely continue to exist for quite some time. Furthermore, I have chosen to research and write about India’s break from the British Raj (rule) of almost 100 years of imperialism. The leader I chose in this movement that proved to be extremely significant for its success is Mahatma Gandhi. Through my research I wanted to focus on how India, aided by Gandhi, fought the increased interconnectedness forced upon them by the British to show how this resistance movement was successful and brought about change. A significant question that I want to answer i n this paper is, what does India’s example of resistance show us about both imperialism and globalization? To effectively analyze their resistance movement, we must consider the many causes for the tension and need for separation, the nature of the resistance movement, and most importantly, whether or not it was effective. From my research, I learned that there were countless causes for resistance towards Great Britain due to the fact that so many issues had been building up between the two countries overtime,Show MoreRelatedtask 31185 Words   |  5 Pages1615 the East India Company acquired its first territory in Bombay, India. The East India Company was a British company that traded for goods, services, and raw materials with India. What initially started as a trading company became a company ruling a country with Brittan’s backing. The company established an army in India comprised mostly of local citizens called Sepoys. 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Hamlet ( William Shakespeare ) Oedipus Rex ( Sophocles ) free essay sample

Compares methods of detective work of plays protagonists in seeking killers of their fathers. This study will compare the methods of the detective work of the protagonists in Shakespeares Hamlet Sophocles Oedipus Rex as they seek to discover the killers of their fathers (although Oedipus does not know the murdered man was, in fact, his father). The study will focus on three points of comparison: the nature and causes of the delays in the detective work of Hamlet and Oedipus; the surreptitious and indirect nature of Hamlets methods, compared to the public and direct approach of Oedipus; and the focus of Hamlet in the present compared to the focus of Oedipus in the past. All of these points of comparison and contrast are shaped by the fact that Hamlet is fully aware of the object of his detective work (his murderer uncle Claudius), while Oedipus does not know that the object of his search is Oedipus himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet ( William Shakespeare ) Oedipus Rex ( Sophocles ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page